Civilization of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt Period of time the most complete and de

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Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt


The Most Complete and Detailed Timeline

The arragement of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt into dynasties is based upon the History which the Egyptian priest Manetho prepared under Ptolemy II in the third century B.C.





The Dynastic Lists have come down to us in the somewhat differing versions of the Christian writers Africanus and Eusebius of the third century A.D. while other passages of the History have been preserved in the work of Flavius Josephus of the first century A.D. (see W. G. Waddell, Manetho, The Loeb Classical Library, 1948). Several Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt lists, such as those which must have been employed by Manetho in preparing his History, have fortunately survived.

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Period

Prehistoric

• Before 4000: settlements in the Fayum, at Merimde-Beni-Salame and El Omari in Lower Egypt and at Tasa and Badari in Upper Egypt.
• 4000 B.C. to 3200 B.C.: the emergence from the stone age with the practical use of hardened copper.
  • Amratian: also called Early Predynastic or Naqadah I: Petrie's Sequence Dates (SD 30-40)
    
  • Cerzean: also called Naqadah II
    Early Gerzean (SD 40-50): corresponds to Middle Predynastic.
    Late Gerzean (SD 50-79): includes the ill-defined corpus of objects former¬ly termed Semainean or Late Predynastic and the transitional period leading up to Dynasty I sometimes called Protodynastic (including King Scorpion).

Archaic Period: 3200 to 2680 B.C.

• Dynasty I: 3200-2980 B.C.
  
  
  • Menas
    
    • 
      
    • Narmer
    • Aha
    
    
    Zer (Ity): 19 + years
    Zet
    Wedymu (Khasety)
    Az-ib (Mer-pa-ba): 20 + years
    Semerkhet (Shemsu ?): 9 years
    Qay-a (Sen-mu)
  
  
  
  Dynasty II: 2980-2780 B.C.
  • Ra-neb
    Hetep-sekhemuwy
    Netery-mu (Ny-neter): 22 + years
    Peribsen (Sekhern-ib Per-en-maat)
    Sened
    Khasekhem
    Khasekhemuwy: 17 years
  
  
  
  Dynasty III: 2780-2680 B.C.
  • Sa-nekht
    Neterkhet (Zoser)
    Sekhem-khet
    Kha-ba (Tety
    Neb-ka (Neb-ka-ra)
    Huni (Hu): 24 years
  
  

Old Kingdom: 2680 to 2258 B.C.

• Dynasty IV: 2680-2565 B.C.

• 
  
  • Sneferu: 24 years
    Cheops (Khufu): 23 years
    Radedef: 8 years
    Chephren (Khafra): 25 (?) years
    Bikheris: 1 (?) year
    Mycerinus (Menkaura): 28 (?) years
    Shepseskaf: 4 years
    Thampthis: 2 years
  
  
  Dynasty V: 2565-2420 B.C.
  • Weserkaf: 7 years
    Sahura: 14 years
    Neferirkara: 10 years
    Shepseskara (Isy): 7 years
    Neferefra: ? years
    Ne-user-ra: 30 (?) years
    Men-kau-hor: 8 years
    Isesy (Zedkara): 39 (?) years
    Unas: 30 years
  
  
  Dynasty VI: 2420-2258 B.C.
  • Tety: 12 years
    Weserkara: 1 (?) year
    Pepy I: 49 years: Mernera co-regent in Pepy's 40th year.
    Mernera: 14 (?) years; 5 years of reign alone.
    Pepy II: 94 (?) years
    Mernera II: 1 year

First Intermediate Period: 2258 to 2040 B.C.

• Dynasty VII: Interregnum
  
  Dynasty VIII: (Memphite) 2258-2232
  
  Dynasty IX: (Heracleopolitan) 2232-2140 B.C.
  
  
  • Khety I (Mer-ib-ra)
    13 kings of Turin Papyrus (including Khety II)
  
  
  Dynasty X: (Heracleopolitan) 2140-2040 B.C. Neferkara
  Khety III (Wah-ka-ra)
  Merikara
  Khety IV (Neb-kau-ra)
  
  
  • Contemporaneous with Dynasty X:
    
    
    • Dynasty XI in South: 2134-2040
      • Mentuhotep I (Tepy-aa)
        Intef I (Seher-tawy)
        Intef II (Wah-ankh): 2118-2068
        Intef III (Nekht-neb-tep-nefer): 2068-2061
        Mentuhotep II (Neb-hepet-ra): 2061-2040
        
        
        • (who bore Horus names Se-ankh-ib-tawy, Neter-hedjet, Sema-tawy)
          
        
        
    
    
  
  
  
  
  Fall of Heracleopolis to Mentuhotep II: 2040

Middle Kingdom: 2040 to 1786 B.C.

• Dynasty XI: United Egypt: 2040-1991

• • Mentuhotep II: 2040-2010
    Mentuhotep III (Se-ankh-kara): 2010-1998
    Civil wars plus short reign of
    • Mentuhotep IV (Neb-tawy-ra): 1998-1991
  
  
  Dynasty XII: 1991-1786 B.C.
  • Amenemhat I (Sehetep-ib-ra): 1991-1962
    Sesostris I (Kheper-ka-ra): 1971-1928
    Amenemhat II (Neb-kau-ra): 1929-1895
    Sesostris II (Kha-kheper-ra): 1897-1878
    Sesostris III (Kha-kau-ra): 1878-1842
    Amenemhat III (Ny-maat-ra): 1842-1797
    Amenemhat IV (Maat-kheru-ra): 1798-1789
    Queen Sebek-neferura: 1789-1786

Second Intermediate Period: 1786 to 1570 B.C.

• Dynasties XIII-XIV: 1786-1680
  • Period of political disintegration: circa 30 kings
  
  
  Dynasties XV-XVI (Hyksos): 1720-1570 B.C.
  (Local rulers at Thebes forming Dynasty XVI)
  • Khian (Se-weser-en-ra)
    Apepi (Aa-weser-ra)
    Apepi (Neb-khepesh-ra)
    Aa-seh-ra
    Apepi (Aa-kenen-ra)
  
  
  Dynasty XV11: 1600-1570 B.C.
  • Taa-aa
    Taa-ken (Sekenenra)
    Kamose (Waz-kheper-ra)

New Kingdom: 1570 to 1085 B.C.

• Dynasty XVIII: 1570-1349
  • Ahmosel: 1570-1545
    Amenhotep I: 1545-1525
    Tuthmosis I: 1525-1508
    Tuthmosis II: 1508-1504
    Hatshepsut: 1504-1483
    Tuthmosis III: 1504-1450
    Amenhotep II: 1450-1423
    Tuthmosis IV: 1423-1410
    Amenhotep III: 1410-1372
    Akhenaten: 1372-1355
    Between 1355-1342
    • Semenkhara
      Tut-ankh-amon
      Ay
  
  
  Dynasty XIX: 1342-1197
  • Horemheb: 1342-1314
    Ramesses I: 1314-1313
    Sety I: 1313-1301
    Ramesses II: 1301-1234
    Merenptah: 1234-1222
    Amen-meses: 1222
    Siptah (Merenptah): 1222-1216
    Sety II: 1216-1210
    From 1210-1197
    • Siptah (Ramesses)
      Irsu (?)
  
  
  Dynasty XX: 1197-1085
  • Sety-nekht: 1197-1195
    Ramesses III: 1195-1164
    Ramesses IV-XI: 1164-1085

Period of Decline: 1085 to 663 B.C.

• Dynasty XXI: 1085-950 B.C.
  (Tanite Dynasty; priest kings in Thebes)
  • From 1054-1009
    • Smendes
      Herihor (Thebes)
    
    
    From 1054-1009
    • Psusennes I (Pasebkhanu)
      Paynozem (Thebes)
    
    
    Amen-em-ipet: 1009-1000
    Sa-amon: 1000-984
    Psusennes II (Pasebkhanu): 984-950
  
  
  Dynasty XXII: 950-730 B.C.Bubastite) Libyan kings
  • Sheshonql: 950-929
    Osorkon I: 929-893
    Takelot 1: 893-870
    Osorkon II: 870-847
    Sheshonq II: 847
    Takelot II: 847-823
    Sheshonq III: 823-772
    Pami: 772-767
    Sheshonq V: 767-730
    • Partly contemporaneous with Dynasty XXII:
      • Dynasty XXIII: 817 (?)-730 B.C.
        
        • Dates only approximate for following kings.
          Pedibast: 817-763
          Sheshonq IV: 763-757
          Osorkon III: 757-748
          Takelot III: 748-730
          Rud-amon: 748-730
          Osorkon IV: 748-730
        
        
  
  
  Dynasty XXIV: 730-715 B.C.
  • Tef-nekht: 730-720
    Bocchoris (Bakenrenef): 720-715
    • Partly contemporaneous with Dynasties XXIII—XXIV:
      • Dynasty XXV: (Kushite: Ethiopian) 751-656 B.C.
        • Kashta
          Piankhy: 751-716:Conquest of Egypt: Circa 730
          Shabako: 716-701
          Shebitku: 701-690
          Taharqa:690-664
          Tanwetamani: 664-653
          
  
  
  Assyrians in Egypt: 671 sack of Memphis under Esarhaddon; 663 sack of Thebes by Ashurbanipal; 658-651 Psamtik I gains control of country.

SAITE PERIOD: 663 to 525 B.C.

• Dynasty XXVI: 663-525 B.C.
  
  • Psamtik I (Wah-ib-ra): 663-609
    Necho (Nekau, Wehem-ib-ra): 609-594
    Psamtik II (Nefer-ib-ra): 594-588
    Apries (Haa-ib-ra): 588-568
    Amasis (Ahmes-sa-neith, Khnum-ib-ra): 568-525
    Psamtik III (Ankh-ka-en-ra): 525
    

Foreign Domination


Persian Period: 525 to 332 B.C.

• Dynasty XXVII: 525-404 B.C. FIRST PERSIAN DOMINATION:
  • Cambyses: 525-522
    Darius I: 522-485
    Xerxes: 485-464
    Artaxerxes I: 464-424
    Darius II: 424-404
  
  
  Dynasty XXVIII: 404-398 B.C.
  • Amyrtaios: 404-398
  
  
  Dynasty XXIX: 398-378 B.C.
  • Nepheritis I (Naifaaurud): 398-392
    Akhoris (Haker): 392-380
    Psammouthis (Psamut): 380-379
    Nepheritis II (Naifaaurud): 379-378
  
  
  Dynasty XXX: 378-341 B.C.
  • Nectanebo I: (Nekht-nebef) 378-360
    
    Teos: 361-359
    Nectanebo II (Nekht-hor-heb): 359-341
  
  
  Dynasty XXXI: 341-332 B.C. SECOND PERSIAN DOMINATION:
  • Artaxerxes III (Ochos): 341-338
    Arses: 338-335
    Darius III (Codoman): 335-330

Ptolemaic Period: 332-30 B.C.

• Alexander the Great: 332-323
  Ptolemy I (Soter): 323-283
  Ptolemy II (Philadelphus): 283-246
  Ptolemy III (Euergetes I): 246-221
  Ptolemy IV (Philopator): 221-205
  Ptolemy V (Epiphanes): 205-180
  Ptolemy VI (Philometor) 180-145
  Ptolemy VII (Neos Philopator): 145 (Eupator also in 145)
  Ptolemy VIII (Euergetes II): 145-116
  Ptolemy IX (Soter II): 116-108, 88-80
  Ptolemy X (Alexander): 108-88
  Ptolemy XI (Alexander): 80
  Ptolemy XII (Auletes): 80-51
  Ptolemy XIII: 51-48
  • CleopatraV II
  
  
  Ptolemy XIV: 47-44
  • Cleopatra VII
  
  
  Cleopatra VII: 43(?)-30
  • Ptolemy XV (Caesarion)

Roman period: 30 B.C. to A.D. 324 (Accession of Constantine)



Byzantine or Coptic Period: A.D. 324-640.